Decantation Definition in Chemistry

In everyday life, the term decantation is usually associated with wine. Decanting is also a chemical laboratory process used to separate mixtures. In its simplest form, it just means allowing a mixture of solid and liquid or two immiscible liquids to settle and separate by gravity. This process can be slow and tedious without the aid of a centrifuge. Once the mixture components have separated, the lighter liquid is poured off, leaving the heavier liquid or solid behind. Typically, a small amount of the lighter liquid is left behind. In laboratory conditions, small volumes of mixtures are decanted in test tubes. If time is not a concern, the test tube is kept at a 45-degree angle in a test tube rack. This allows the heavier particles to slide down the side of the test tube while allowing the lighter liquid a path to rise to the top. If the test tube were held vertically, the heavier mixture component could block the test tube and not allow the lighter liquid to pass as it rises. A centrifuge can make the rate of separation go faster by simulating a great increase in the force of gravity. Some Mixtures That Can Be Decanted Oil and water: Oil floats on top of water. Decanting the mixture allows the oil to be poured off the water.Gasoline or kerosene and water:Â  This mixture is an example often cited as a safety hazard. Decanting a mixture containing flammable solvents can be dangerous, as the flammable material evaporates and forms dangerous fumes.Dirt and water:Â  Muddy water can be cleared up by decanting. The soil will sink to the bottom of the tube, allowing the clear water to be poured off.Wine:Â  Sediment from the fermentation process can produce an undesirable taste. Wine is decanted to separate the wine from these sediments.Cream and milk:Â  Cream is separated from milk by decantation. Cream rises to the top of the milk mixture and is easily skimmed off.Blood and plasma:Â  A centrifuge is necessary for this decantation. Plasma can be removed from blood by decantation.

Topics for Ecology Essays

Ecology is the study of the interactions and reciprocal influence of living organisms within a specific environment. Its usually taught in the context of biology, though some high schools also offer courses in Environmental Science which includes topics in ecology. Ecology Topics to Choose From Topics within the field can range broadly, so your choices of topics are practically endless! The list below may help you generate your own ideas for a research paper or essay. Research Topics How are new predators introduced into an area? Where has this happened in the United States?How is the ecosystem of your backyard different from the ecosystem of another persons backyard ecosystem?How is a desert ecosystem different from a forest ecosystem?What is the history and impact of manure?How are different types of manure good or bad?How has the popularity of sushi impacted the earth?What trends in eating habits have impacted our environment?What hosts and parasites exist in your home?Pick five products from your refrigerator, including the packaging. How long would it take for the products to decay in the earth?How are trees affected by acid rain?How do you build an ecovillage?How clean is the air in your town?What is the soil from your yard made of?Why are coral reefs important?Explain the ecosystem of a cave. How could that system be disturbed?Explain how rotting wood impacts the earth and people.What ten things could you recycle in your home?How is recycled paper made?How much carbon dioxide is released into the air every day because of fuel consumption in cars? How could this be reduced?How much paper is thrown away in your town every day? How could we use paper that is thrown away?How could each family save water?How does discarded motor oil affect the environment?How can we increase the use of public transportation? How would that help the environment?Pick an endangered species. What could make it go extinct? What could save this species from extinction?What species have been discovered within the past year?How could the human race become extinct? Describe a scenario.How does a local factory affect the environment?How do ecosystems improve water quality? Topics for Opinion Papers There is a great deal of controversy about topics that link ecology and public policy. If you enjoy writing papers that take a point of view, consider some of these: What impact is climate change having on our local ecology?Should the United States ban the use of plastics to protect delicate ecosystems?Should new laws be enacted to limit the use of energy produced by fossil fuels?How far should human beings go to protect ecologies where endangered species live?Is there ever a time when natural ecology should be sacrificed for human needs?Should scientists bring back an extinct animal? What animals would you bring back and why?If scientists brought back the saber-toothed tiger, how might it impact the environment?

The Impact Of Keynesian Theory On The Economy - 1805 Words

View In the world today there are three types of scenarios; either the economy is in a recession, economic stability or inflation. And when it’s in a Recessionary or Inflationary period the things the government must do to correct the situation to bring things back to normal before the situation becomes worst. Here we are going to try and understand the concept of the â€Å"Keynesian Theory† approach to â€Å"fixing† the economy and bring things back to normal. John Maynard Keynes was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. His theory has been used throughout the years with great success. Keynes approach to a recession was that the public has lost in confidence in their government, has become frighten, and holds on to their money, which results in less spending. It becomes a vicious cycle of economic decline. According to Keynes the way to break this was for the government to spend money on bridges, roads and public works which in turn pumps money into the economy which in turn would put money back into the economy, create more jobs and the public would have more money to spend. This along with tax cuts would help â€Å"jump start† the economy. There are tools that the United States can use to expand the money supply. The Federal Reserve being the most common can buy U.S debts from banks which in turn would give the banks more money to loan. The second would be to loosen credit requirement, and a third would be to cut the prime lending rate to commercial banks.Show MoreRelatedKeynesian Theory During The Great Depression949 Words   |  4 PagesSince the establishment of the Keynesian theory during the Great Depression, there was a continuous rivalry between Keynesians and monetarists. 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Related Electronic Word Social Networking -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Impact Of Advantageous Factors On The Consumer Perception Making In The Tourism Industry In India? What Is The Impact Of Disadvantageous Factor On The Consumer Perception Making In The Tourism Industry In India? How The Social Media Positive And Negative Factors Impact The Consumer Decision Making In The Tourism Industry In India? What Are The Recommendations For The Tourism Industry In India Regarding The Use Of Social Media For Its Promotion? Answers: Introduction In recent time the technological disruptive development has impacted many industries around the world in regards to the way of doing the business traditionally. There is great deal of dependency on the data or information in this industry. The people who are travelling, like to gather as much as possible information regarding their schedule, location and other facilities to reduce the risk associated with this process (Hudson and Thal, 2013). But there used to be gap in the information and that place is now currently fulfilled by the social median. In recent time the rapid internet penetration rate along with the increasing use of mobile devices created appropriate environment for the social media popularity. The information gap is fulfilled through the social media information source and this process also has high reliability as the information provider is the original user (Bramwell, 2011). Considering this the business in the tourism sector has to adapt with this situation by unde rstanding the positive and negative side of it. The project would evaluate the current tourism business in India and how it is impacted by the advantage and disadvantages of the social media network. Project Scope The specific design of the research would evaluate the advantage and disadvantage created by the new social media on the tourism industry. For the location, the research would focus on India which has a diverse population, language, culture and geographical area (Mishra et al., 2011). So the exploration and information need from a tourists perspective would also be diverse. It would be interesting to explore these needs and how the social media fits into this by creating advantages and disadvantages to the industry. Literature Review In India the technological advancement, increasing use of the mobile phones, increasing reach of mobile and internet connections has positively influenced the use of social media which in turn like many other industry also impacted the tourism industry. Consumer behaviour Social media network is the forum where people share their views, experience and opinion with their peers groups over the virtual technological platform (Fotis et al., 2012). On the other hand the traveller gives a great important to the other travellers account. So in the social media this becomes the base of interaction sometime (Sigala et al., 2012). The industries in this sector can use this factor and influence positive consumer behaviour where they can encourage their previous customer to share their experience on the platform. Image building and brand awareness In the social media the promotions are well targeted unlike the traditional media (Luo and Zhong, 2015). So a presence in the social media becomes a must for the tourism sectors. In India big of small venture in this sector has accepted this reality and interacts with their customer through this media. A sense of belonging is generated from these virtual communities and that is exploited by the sector to improve the awareness and image of the brands (Hvass and Munar, 2012). Time and cost saving In India most of the business in this sector is not too organised or running on low budget (Mishra et al., 2011). Under that circumstance they find it difficult to go for advertising through the traditional media. There the social media provides a good opportunity to such businesses to go online and promote their businesses through social media (Hudson and Thal, 2013). The activities on the social media are well targeted with much lower cost than the traditional media. On the other hand because of the ease of use the larger organisations also using this platform and that save a considerable time with more impact. Disadvantage Privacy became one of the important issues in the recent times. So any privacy rules violation can impact the organisations adversely. Like the positive word of mouth on the social media, the negative word of mouth also spread rapidly on this platform (Leung et al., 2013). So it can create damage to the brand fast in the short run. The necessity of the social media in Indian tourism sector is accepted but a proper dedicated approach can only make this process a success. The spammer or some ill intendment mind can easily spread negative message about any tourism company or brand over the online social media and can cause great damage to the brand (Luo and Zhong, 2015). Presence in the social network needs constant update from the tourism brand which could be demanding sometime (Sigala et al., 2012). The attention span of the consumer over this platform is very short so developing right content with fast attention seeking power becomes the challenges sometime (Fotis et al., 2012). Beca use of the huge interconnectedness, now the customers view lot of information on this platform and there the information overload is a real scenario. Research Questions/Hypothesis The literature review shows the advantageous and disadvantageous aspect of the social media. It also provided the information of the growing acceptance of the social median in the tourism industry. But there is a need of the impact measurement of the advantage and disadvantages. Considering this the research would focus on the following questions. Primary Question How much impact does theses advantageous and disadvantageous factors makes on the consumer decision making in the tourism industry? Research philosophy The current research is on the advantage and disadvantage of use of social media on the Indian tourism industry. Considering this the positivism philosophy is found to be most appropriate for the research. This philosophy is based on the actual observation and measurement to gather the factual knowledge (Cooper et al., 2006). The researcher only plays the role of data collector and the interpretation of those data is done through objective methods. Research approach Considering the positivism approach of the research the deductive approach is found to be most suitable for this current research (Bryman and Bell, 2015).The deductive approach of research is based on the existing theory. The literature review would produce that theoretical background. The impact of the social medias advantageous and disadvantageous factor on the Indian tourism industry is the subject of the research. Here the deductive approach of research would analysis the impact of those factor on the customer perception and decision making process by consulting the literature. Research design The research would use the qualitative and quantitative method to reach to its conclusion. The different positive and negative factors of social media in the Indian tourism industry would be analysed to understand the impact on the consumer perception about tourism brands. On the other hand how those things would influence different consumer decision making factors would also be analysed (Cooper et al., 2006). The qualitative and quantitative method in this regard would prove wide range of information to provide appreciate recommendation. Qualitative research The non numerical information would be gathered in the research through the qualitative research (Bryman and Bell, 2015).This approach would be useful in the research to have the general trend and opinion of the tourism industry in India regarding the social median use and its advantage and disadvantage. Research strategy The main research strategy for the qualitative research would be the interview process. Here the information gather from the industry experts would be useful for the trend and opinion determination (Zikmund et al., 2013). Here managers or the owners of different tour operating businesses would be interviewed for this process. Sampling technique The selection process of the managers or the owners of the tour operator would be done through the non probabilistic methods (Hair, 2007). That means they would be specifically selected according to the convenience of the research. Sample size For the current research six managers or owners of the tour operator would be appropriate. Quantitative research In this part of the research the numeric data would be required. From the qualitative research the general opinion and trend regarding use of social media in the Indian tourism industry would be understood (Zikmund et al., 2013). For the further specific understanding about the level of impact of those positive and negative factors the objective statistical quantifiable data is required. Research strategy In the quantitative part of the research the survey questionnaire would be used. In the survey questionnaire closed ended questions would be asked to gather the data which would be later analysed to produce quantifiable observations (Hair, 2007). The customer of this industry would asked these questions to develop the understanding about the level of impact of these positive and negative aspect of the social media use in the Indian tourism industry. The data would also be used to produce the insights about the impact it has in the consumer decision making process. Sampling technique In this part the customer of the tourism industry would be surveyed. The selection of the customer would be done through the probabilistic sampling method (Hair, 2015).That means the selection would be based on the random process. Sample size For the current research 80 consumer survey would be done. This size of sample would be useful for the development of the correct insights for the research. Data collection methods In the research the secondary as well as the primary method of data collection would be used. The secondary data are those which are already in existence. The sources like the books, journals, research articles, govt records which are relevant in this research would be used as the secondary sources of information (Saunders, 2011).On the other hand the primary sources of information would be the interview and survey information. These are the new sources of information. For the process of interview the questionnaire would be semi structured where some open ended and some closed ended questions would be there. This would help the research to find out the actual opinion and trend in the Indian tourism industry regarding the use of social median. Data analysis methods The collected data from the qualitative interview method would be analysed through the objective analysis. Here the patterns would be indentified from the replies of the managers or owner of the tour operator business (Sekaran and Bougie, 2016).The data gathered through the questionnaire would be analysed through the statistical approach. Research Limitations The main limitation of the research would be the time factor. Completing the research within the time period would be a difficult task (Saunders, 2011).On the other hand the budget of the research is also another constrain for the research. Time Schedule The project introduction is important as the starting approach of this process needs to be correct and that is why this process is given 1 week time period. For the project scope, purpose and objective analysis next week is dedicated and along with this process the relevant secondary data would also be collected within this time period (Sekaran and Bougie, 2016).Next week will be dedicated for the literature review as this will form the base for the research. Within in the literature review period the appropriate methodology for the research would also be decided. Primary data collection would be laborious process and there minimum 1 week would be required (Hair, 2015).After that nest two week would used for the data analysis and conclusion and recommendation development. Criteria Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Introduction Defining project objectives, scope and purpose For collecting the secondary type of data. For conducting review of the Literature Contemplating and developing appropriate Methodology for the research. Completing primary data collection For the completion of data analysis of the primary data For the development of the conclusion and recommendation Conclusion In recent time the business especially in the tourism industry are developing strategies for the social media purpose (Leung et al., 2013). The use of social media in this sector has increased. Many businesses have learned the right approach which is able to balance the advantage and disadvantage of this process. An actual impact analysis of these advantages and disadvantages on the perception of the customer and hence on their purchase decision making process in the Indian tourism industry, would helps to provide effective recommendations to the business for their social media strategy. Reference List Bramwell, B., (2011). Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: A political economy approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4-5), pp.459-477. Bryman, A., and Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S., and Sun, J. (2006).Business research methods(Vol. 9). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Fotis, J., Buhalis, D., and Rossides, N. (2012).Social media use and impact during the holiday travel planning process(pp. 13-24). Springer-Verlag. Hair, J. F. (2007). Research methods for business. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hudson, S., and Thal, K. (2013). The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 156-160. Hvass, K. A., and Munar, A. M. (2012). The takeoff of social media in tourism.Journal of Vacation Marketing,18(2), 93-103. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H., and Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 3-22. Luo, Q. and Zhong, D., (2015). Using social network analysis to explain communication characteristics of travel-related electronic word-of-mouth on social networking sites. Tourism Management, 46, pp.274-282. Mishra, P. K., Rout, H. B., and Mohapatra, S. S. (2011). Causality between tourism and economic growth: Empirical evidence from India.European Journal of Social Sciences,18(4), 518-527. Saunders, M. N. (2011).Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Sekaran, U., and Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Sigala, M., Christou, E., and Gretzel, U. (Eds.). (2012).Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., and Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning. 13).Business research methods. Cengage Learning

Romeos Diary Entries Essay Example

Romeos Diary Entries Essay My world has become a place full of bitter hatred, my happiness replaced by sorrow and grief. I am now, of course married to Juliet and how radiant she looked on the morning of our wedding. Friar Lawrence had expressed his concerns towards violent delights that have violent ends, but I put my heart before my head and waited impatiently for her arrival. We exchanged our declarations of love at Friar Lawrences cell, before being led away for the marriage to take place.Juliet did not like my style of speech and told me that true imagination is wealthier in real things that I words, her own true love had grown so great that she could not even count up half her wealth. My feelings for her have grown stronger and the days go by and I no longer know right from wrong. My heart was wounded by Juliets love and I could have not felt for content, but that feeling of joy has since been snatched away from me.Am to lose my precious wife as I have been banished from Verona after a tragic incident th at occurred. I arrived at a public place in Verona to find my fellow men amongst Tybalt and his companions. They were engaged in a battle of words, puns and other fanciful expressions. Tybalt insulted me in an attempt to provoke a fight, but he was now part of my family so I refused the challenge. Both Mercutio and Benvolio saw my refusal as a means of betraying my loyalty towards my friends and family, but unknown to them Tybalt was family now.Mercutio became incensed by my apparent cowardice and challenged Tybalt referring to him as a rat-catcher. They fought and I tried desperately to end the fight, but amidst the confusion Tybalt stabbed Mercutio. The Prince had expressed that this type of behaviour was forbidden on the streets of Verona, only earlier during the week. Tybalt and his companions fled, but I soon realised that Mercutio was fatally wounded and I tried to help him away as he shouted that Tybalt, the King of Cats was a Cat to scratch a man to death, but he died almost instantly.I was so upset, my betrayal towards Mercutio had led to his death and if I had not intervened he would probably have survived. His death was my entire fault. Juliets beauty had made me effeminate and in my temper softened valours steel. Anger began building up inside of me and as Tybalt returned, in a sudden outburst I lunged at him and attacked him fiercely regardless of the consequences. I stood numbly looking at his rigid body now slowly coated in a pool of blood. I had killed him. I was raging and had behaved with fire-eyed fury. Benvolio urged me to leave immediately and escape the presence of the Prince who would shortly arrive.I fled to Friar Lawrences cell and waited for his arrival to receive my punishment. As he entered the cell he said that I was wedded to calamity, but I was too fearful to listen I begged him to tell me of the princes sentence. He turned and calmly said that my punishment was banishment from Verona. Banishment? I looked at him and questioned a s to why he referred to it as banishment, be merciful, say death. Juliet was my entire life and if I were no longer able to see her, it may as well have been a death sentence.One hour away from her was torture, how would I cope for a longer period? To be banished is death mis-termed. I would rather be dead than spend days wallowing in grief and self pity at the absence of my beloved wife. The friar tried to persuade me to listen to reason, but he could not possibly understand my plight. I was too confused and upset too listen to his wise advice any longer, I could only think of poor Mercutio and how I could have prevented his death.The Friar explained that the prince could have killed me, but gave me mercy as Mercutio had been a member of his family and I had been a good friend to him. I was grateful to him for his leniency with me, but could not bare the thought of my world without Juliet. On hearing from the nurse that Juliet was similarly grief stricken I blamed myself and attemp ted to end my life there and then, the nurse snatched the dagger away from me and told me to stand an you be a man, for Juliets sake. She was right, I had to be strong now, if not for myself, then for Juliet.As the nurse left, she quickly returned and gave me Juliets ring requesting that I spend one final night with her before my departure to Mantua. I must however be away from the Capulets house before sunrise, or risk leaving the house in disguise so not to be caught. The Friar is to use my servant as a messenger and will keep me informed of the events occurring in Verna during my absence. He insists that he will beg pardon of the prince and explain my predicament to my family and friends. I wish Juliet and I could blazon our marriage, but such circumstances have prevented this and though my eyes cannot see Juliet, her beauty will be present in my heart and mind for I shall see her soon and we will be together again.

Bio 202 Endocrine System Labpaq Exp Essays

Bio 202 Endocrine System Labpaq Exp Essays Bio 202 Endocrine System Labpaq Exp Essay Bio 202 Endocrine System Labpaq Exp Essay Section: Bio 202 labpaq rep 01 lab report: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM You must get all parts of the question correct to get credit for the question Step 1 (Can be observed on the following slides, either from your lab kit or from the Labpaq web site ( labpaq. com/ex-1-endocrine-system)). List the following:  ·Location in the body of the following structures  ·Slide #/location observed  ·One hormone secreted by each Please pay special attention to properties like shapes, sizes, colors, textures, relationships among structures, plus any interesting or identifiable features. You may want to make drawings of slides so that you would be able to identify this tissue in the future. Pituitary gland: it’s a pea sized gland located at the base of the brain (center of skull) near the optic nerves. It secretes various hormones one example is the GH – growth hormone. Observed at labpaq web site (pituitary Anterior lobe) Basophils, Acidophils and Chromophobes where observed. Thyroid gland: is a butterfly shaped gland, located in front of the trachea , secreting hormones T3 triiodothyronine and T4 thyroxine. Observed at the labpaq website and noted in the slide the thyroid follicles, colloid, and simple cuboidal epithelium and C cells. Parathyroid gland: is located behind the thyroid. It secretes parathyroid hormones PTH that regulates calcium and phosphate. Observed at labpaq website Chief cells and oxyphil cells were noted. Thymus gland: it lies under the sternum and above the trachea in the mediastinum it secretes also thymosin. Labpaq website. Noted the medulla, cortex, and Hassall’s corpuscles from infant thymus. Adrenal gland: Located on the top of the kidneys, it secretes epinephrine slides viewed at labpaq website it was noted connective in the capsule and next to it the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla and cells and blood vessels. Step 2: Abbreviations-  ·Give the full name of these hormone abbreviations  ·Name the gland that secretes it. 1. ADH Antidiuretic hormone / vasopressin if too little of that hormone it causes diabetis insipidus secreted by the Pituitary. 2. FSH Follicle stimulating hormone, produce sperm for males and ovulation in females secreted by the pituitary gland. . LH Luteinizing Hormone , regulates testosterone and estrogen levels , secreted by the pituitary. 4. NE norepinephrine function as both hormone and neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in the adrenal gland . 5. TSH Thyroid stimulanting hormone, stimulates thyroid gland , secreted by the pituitary gland. Step 3: Answer the following questions (1 point each): Figure 1. 1. The pancreatic structures highlighted in blue in Figure 1 secrete all of the following EXCEPT: C a. Insulin b. Glycogen c. Pancreatic Polypeptide X d. Glucagon 2. Name the 3 cell types numbered in Figure 2 and name the major function of each. Figure 2. 3-In your own words, describe the clinical differences between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism basically means that is not enough thyroid hormones in the body while hyperthyroidism means that is too much of thyroid hormones in the body. In both cases it causes an unbalance of hormones for proper homeostasis. 4. List three physiological effects of calcitonin. Stimulates bone deposition in kids while suppress bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts. Controls release of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream Also opposes effects of the PTH on Ca2 levels 5. What role does parathyroid hormone play if there are low calcium levels? It will raise the Calcium level in the blood by stimulating bone resorption while inhibiting bone deposition. 6. Is the thymus more efficient in younger or older populations? What is the implication of this? The thymus gland plays a hole in 3 systems: endocrine, lymphatic and immune, it grows on us until when we are about 6 years old and then it starts shrinking. So yes, it is more efficient in younger people than in old people, the implication of this is that as we age and it shrinks it also becomes more fatty and less granular losing most of its power, it also contains lymphocytes and thymosin hormones, when the thymus shrink and lose its ability to aid the immune system we get sick, lymphocytes are diminished, so our response against antigens is very weak. 7. How is the adrenal medulla tied into the â€Å"fight or flight† response? Because it also plays a role as a ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system, which is the fight to flight system, the SNS releases NE / adrenaline that kicks in when we are in dangerous or very stressful situations 8. In your own words, what are functional differences between glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids? They are both corticosteroids , but the mineralocorticoids is responsible for regulanting the electrolytes balance in the body while the glucocorticoids regulates the metabolism of glucose and carbs , lipids etc†¦ 9. What are the differences between the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas? Exo â€Å"outside† end â€Å"within† basically means that the exocrine will secrete digestive enzymes into the intestines while the endocrine part will release insulin into the bloodstream 10. What are the physiological effects of testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone? Sex steroids, the adrenal glands produce testosterone, progesterone and estrogens in both men and woman. Testosterone it has anabolic and androgenic effects, it increases the growth of muscle and bones, and the maturation of sex organs ( especially in men) maintains the sexual desire in both , men and woman; however women have a little less than men. Progesterone aids in woman ovulation and it lessen when in menopause, it also promotes well being sensation such as aiding in sleep has a calming effect and aids in fat metabolism, stimulate new bone formation, restore O2 level in cells, restore libido for both men and woman. Estrogen: there are 3 different hormones in this class: estrone, estradiol and estriol. They affect the mood on both men and woman by increasing serotonin. It also increases body fat, creates progesterone receptors, increase blood clothing, reduce the libido, and reduce O2 levels in cell etc†¦

Existentialism - Essay Topics

Existentialism - Essay Topics If you are studying existentialism and have an exam coming up, the best way to prepare for it is to write lots of practice essays.   Doing this helps you to recall the texts and the ideas you have studied; it helps you to organize your knowledge of these; and it often triggers original or critical insights of your own.   Here are a set of essay questions you can use.   They relate to the following classic existentialist texts:    Tolstoy, My Confession Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilyich Dostoyevsky, Notes from Underground Dostoyevsky, The Grand Inquisitor Nietzsche, The Gay Science Beckett, Waiting for Godot Sartre, The Wall Sartre, Nausea Sartre, Existentialism as a Humanism Sartre, â€Å"Portrait of an Anti-Semite† Kafka, A Message from the Emperor, A Little Fable, Couriers, Before the Law Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus Camus The Stranger    Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky Both Tolstoys Confession and Dostoyevskys Notes from Underground seem to reject science and rationalistic philosophy.   Why?   Explain and evaluate the reasons for the critical attitudes toward science in these two texts.    Both Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilyich (at least once he falls sick) and Dostoyevsky’s   Underground Man feel estranged from the people around them.   Why?   In what ways is the kind of isolation they experience similar, and in what ways is it different?    The underground man says that ‘to be too conscious is an illness.’   What does he mean?   What are his reasons?   In what ways does the underground man suffer from excessive consciousness?   Do you see this as the root cause of his sufferings or are there deeper problems that give rise to it?   Does Ivan Ilyich also suffer from excessive consciousness, or is his problem something different?    Both The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Notes From Underground portray individuals who feel separated from their society.   Is the isolation they experience avoidable, or is it primarily caused by the sort of society they belong to.    In the Authors Note at the beginning of Notes from Underground, the author describes the underground man as representative of a new type of person that must inevitably appear in modern society.   What aspects of the character are representative of this new type of modern individual?   Does he remain representative today in 21st century America, or has his type more or less disappeared?    Contrast what Dostoyevsky’s Grand Inquisitor says about freedom with what the Underground Man says about it.   Whose views do you most agree with?    Nietzsche, The Gay Science Tolstoy (in Confession), Dostoyevsky’s Underground Man, and Nietzsche in The Gay Science, are all critical of those who think the main goal in life should be the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.   Why?      When Nietzsche read Notes from Underground he immediately hailed Dostoyevsky as a ’kindred spirit’.   Why?    In The Gay Science, Nietzsche says: â€Å"Life- that is: being cruel and inexorable against everything about us that is growing old and weak†¦.being without reverence for those who are dying, who are wretched, who are ancient.   Ã‚  Explain, giving illustrative examples, what you think he means and why he says this.   Do you agree with him?    At the beginning of Book IV of The Gay Science, Nietzsche says all in all and on the whole: some day I wish only to be a Yes-sayer.   Explain what he means- and what he is opposing himself toby reference to issues he discusses elsewhere in the work.   How successful is he in maintaining this life-affirming stance?    Morality is herd instinct in the individual.   What does Nietzsche mean by this?   How does this statement fit in with the way he views conventional morality and his own   alternative values?    Explain in detail Nietzsche’s view of Christianity.   What aspects of Western civilization, both positive and negative, does he see as largely due to its influence?    In The Gay Science Nietzsche says: â€Å"The strongest and most evil spirits have so far done the most to advance humanity.†Ã‚   Explain, giving examples, what you think he means and why he says this.   Do you agree with him?    In The Gay Science Nietzsche seems to both criticize moralists who distrust the passions and instincts and also himself be a great advocate of self-control.   Can these two aspects of his thinking be reconciled?   If so, how?    What is Nietzsche’s attitude in The Gay Science towards the quest for truth and knowledge? Is it something heroic and admirable, or should it be viewed with suspicion as a hangover from traditional morality and religion?    Sartre Sartre famously observed that man is condemned to be free.  Ã‚   He also wrote that man is a futile passion.   Explain what these statements mean and the reasoning that lies behind them.   Would you describe the conception of humanity that emerges as optimistic or pessimistic?    Sartre’s existentialism was labeled by one critic â€Å"the philosophy of the graveyard,† and existentialism strikes many as dominated by depressing ideas and outlooks.   Why would someone think this?   And why might others disagree?   In Sartre’s thinking which tendencies do you see as depressing and which uplifting or inspiring?    In his Portrait of the anti-Semite, Sartre says the anti-Semite feels the nostalgia of impermeability.   What does this mean?   How does it help us understand anti-Semitism?   Where else in Sartres writings is this tendency examined?    The climax of Sartres novel Nausea is Roquentins revelation in the park when he contemplates.  Ã‚   What is the nature of this revelation?   Should it be described as a form of enlightenment?    Explain and discuss either Anny’s ideas about ‘perfect moments’ or Roquentin’s ideas about ‘adventures (or both).   How do these notions relate to the major themes explored in Nausea?    It has been said that Nausea presents the world as it appears to one who experiences at a deep level what Nietzsche described as the death of God.   What supports this interpretation?   Do you agree with it?    Explain what Sartre means when he says that we make our decisions and perform our actions in anguish, abandonment and despair.   Do you find his reasons for viewing human action in this way convincing?   [In answering this question, make sure you consider Sartrean texts beyond just his lecture Existentialism and Humanism]    At one point in Nausea, Roquentin says, â€Å"Beware of literature!†Ã‚   What does he mean? Why does he say this?    Kafka, Camus, Beckett Kafkas stories and parables have often praised for capturing certain aspects of the human condition in the modern age.   With reference to the parables we discussed in class, explain which features of modernity Kafka illuminates and what insights, if any, he has to offer.    At the end of ‘The Myth of Sisyphus’ Camus says that ‘one must imagine Sisyphus happy’?   Why does he say this?   Wherein lies Sisyphus’ happiness?   Does Camus’ conclusion follow logically from the rest of the essay?   How plausible do you find this conclusion?    Is Meursault. the protagonist of The Stranger,  an example of what Camus calls in ‘The Myth of Sisyphus’ an ‘absurd hero’?   Justify your answer with close reference to both the novel and the essay.    Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot, is- obviously- about waiting.   But Vladimir and Estragon wait in different way and with different attitudes.   How do their ways of waiting express different possible responses to their situation and, by implication, to what Beckett sees as the human condition?    Existentialism in general ‘The important thing is not to be cured but to live with one’s ailments’ (Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus).   Discuss this statement with reference to at least three of the following works:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Myth of Sisyphus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Gay Science   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Notes from Underground   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Nausea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waiting for Godot Do the works in question illustrate, support, or criticize the outlook expressed in Camus statement?      From Tolstoys account of his suicidal despair in his Confession to Becketts  Waiting for Godot, there is much in existentialist writing that seems to offer a bleak view of the human condition.   On the basis of the texts you have studied, would you say that existentialism is indeed, a bleak philosophy, excessively concerned with mortality and meaninglessness?   Or does it have a positive aspect also?    According to William Barrett existentialism belongs to a longstanding tradition of intense, passionate reflection on life and the human condition, yet it is also in some ways an essentially modern phenomenon.   What is it about the modern world that has given rise to existentialism?   And what aspects of existentialism are particularly modern?    Related links Life of Jean Paul Sartre Sartre - Quotations Sartres terminology Sartres concept of bad faith